1. Закончите предложения в косвенной речи.
Например: Let me sing for you. (Разрешите мне спеть для вас.) – John offered to sing for me. (Джон предложил спеть для меня.)
1. “Why don’t you take some aspirin?” (Почему бы тебе не выпить аспирин?) – He suggested …. (Он предложил …)
2. “You should never tell lies.” (Нельзя говорить неправду.) – Mary taught us … (Мэри учила нас …
3. “I will not swim so far.” (Я не поплыву так далеко.) – He refused … (Он отказался …)
4. “Please don’t shout at me.” (Пожалуйста, не кричи на меня.) – Kate begged … (Кэйт умоляла …)
5. “Put some mushrooms in the soup.” (Добавь немного грибов в суп.) – Father told … (Папа сказал …)
6. “Could you wash up after our dinner?” (Ты не мог бы помыть посуду после нашего ужина?) – She asked … (Она попросила …)
2. Преобразуйте общие вопросы в косвенную речь, обращая особое внимание на времена.
Например: Can I have some pocket money? (Можно мне немного карманных денег?) – His son asked if he could have some pocket money. (Его сын спросил, можно ли ему немного карманных денег.)
1. Do you live in Brazil? (Ты живешь в Бразилии?) – They asked her …
2. Is Johnny dancing rock-n-roll? (Джонни танцует рок-н-ролл?) – She wondered …
3. Are they angry with him? (Они на него злятся?) – We wanted to know ..
4. Has Lara finished her lunch? (Лара закончила обедать?) – I asked …
5. Will she show me her paintings? (Она покажет мне свои картины?) – He wondered …
6. Did you work as a sales assistant? (Ты работал продавцом?) – I asked him …
7. Can I go to the playground? (Можно мне пойти на игровую площадку?) – My niece asked me …
8. Does Mike produce dairy products? (Майк производит молочные продукты?) – They wondered …
3. Преобразуйте специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.
Например: Where did you buy such a lovely dress? (Где ты купила такое красивое платье?) – I asked my mother where she had bought such a lovely dress. (Я спросила маму, где она купила такое красивое платье.)
1. How far is the hospital? (Как далеко находится больница?) – She wanted to know ..
2. Where are they? (Где они находятся?) – I asked …
3. Why were the kids frightened? (Почему дети были напуганы?) – He wondered …
4. When can I call you back? (Когда я могу тебе перезвонить?) – I asked her …
5. Which boat did Tom choose? (Какую лодку выбрал Том?) – We wondered …
6. How often do you load the paper into the tray? (Как часто ты загружаешь бумагу в лоток?) – She asked him …
7. When will the ceremony start? (Когда начнется церемония?) – I wanted to know …
8. How many fish has he caught? (Сколько рыбы он поймал?) – We wondered …
9. Why did you play a trick on her? (Зачем ты над ней подшутил?) – I asked him …
10. What does she sell in the market? (Что она продает на рынке?) – They asked …
Ответы:
1.
1. He suggested I should take some aspirin.
2. Mary taught us not to tell lies.
3. He refused to swim so far.
4. Kate begged not to shout at her.
5. Father told to put some mushrooms in the soup.
6. She asked to wash up after their dinner.
2.
1. They asked her if she lived in Brazil.
2. She wondered if Johnny was dancing rock-n-roll.
3. We wanted to know if they were angry with him.
4. I asked if Lara had finished her lunch.
5. He wondered if she would show him her paintings.
6. I asked him if he had worked as a sales assistant.
7. My niece asked me if she could go to the playground.
8. They wondered if Mike produced dairy products.
3.
1. She wanted to know how far the hospital was.
2. I asked where they were.
3. He wondered why the kids had been frightened.
4. I asked her when I could call her back.
5. We wondered which boat Tom had chosen.
6. She asked him how often he loaded the paper into the tray.
7. I wanted to know when the ceremony would start.
8. We wondered how many fish he had caught.
9. I asked him why he had played a trick on her.
10. They asked what she sold in the market.
Тест по английскому языку по теме: «Прямая и косвенная речь» для учащихся 8 класса к учебнику В.П.Кузовлев.
II вариант
The following sentences are direct speech. Complete each sentence below using reported speech.
- She said, “How many hours a day do you watch TV?”
- She said, “Don`t write a letter to Ann.”
- He asked, “What magazines do you prefer to read?”
- She said, “Tom is leaving tomorrow night.”
- “Have you had your hair cut?”, my mother asked me.
- The chief ordered, “Go to the theatre and book the tickets.”
- She said, “Kent has visited many countries in western Europe.”
- I said, “Don`t drink coffee at night, you will not sleep.”
- He read, “The south of England is warmer than the North.”
- “Are you going to pick up the phone?”, Miranda asked him.
- He said, “Bring me some water, please.”
- She was surprised, “Somebody stole my bag in the shop”
- She asked, “Does this film about police and crime?”
- “Please don`t tell anybody what happened”, Ann said to me.
- He said, “I can` t move the piano alone.”
- She said, “Dairy products are useful for little children.”
- The teacher said, “What do you do to express yourself?”
- She said, “Doctors don`t advise us to eat chips and chocolate.”
- I asked my Dad, “Did you take part in the Great Patriotic War?”
- The girl said, “All the guys try to look really cool driving up and down in their dad`s car.”
- She said,” Limit saturated fats.”
- She said, “Do you often take your blood pressure?”
- She said, “Eat lots of fruits veggies and grain.”
- He said, “Call a doctor if you have a strong pain in the heart.”
- He said, “I am going to buy a new car.”
Предварительный просмотр:
Test
Variant 1
Present Perfect
Future Simple при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
could при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
may при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
1. He says, “You are right.”
a) he says that I am right b) he says which I right
c) he says I was right d) he said I are right
2. She says to him, “I have a right to know.”
a) she tells him that she would have a right to know b) she tell him she have a right to know
c) she says him she has a right to know d) she tells him that she has a right to know
1. I thought, “He is going to give up his job”.
2. “Go to your room now and do your homework”, the mother said to her son.
3. The teacher asked Nina, “Do you live far from the school?”
4. “What have you bought me for Christmas?” the little boy asked his parents.
5. Helen: I cannot call you, I’ve lost your phone number.
7. “Don’t take my ruler, use yours,” Ann said to Harry.
8. Let’s go to a movie.
9. Nick told us, “I saw Jimmy at a party last week.”
10. ‘’Fasten the seat belts!’’ the stewardess said to passengers.
11. ‘’Have you finished reading my book?’’ my friend asked me.
12. ‘’Why are you looking pale? What’s the matter?’’ asked Mother.
13. Sister: I have been looking for you everywhere, Robbie.
14. David: It’s a bit cold today. I’m going to wear a pullover.
15. Mother said, ‘’Alice, don’t interrupt the grown-ups.’’
16. ‘’Let’s begin the meeting,’’ said the chairman.
17. ‘Eat more fruit and vegetables’, the doctor said.
The doctor said …
18. ‘Shut the door but don’t lock it’, she said to us.
She told …
19. ‘Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand’, he said to me.
He asked …
20. Don’t come before 6 o’clock’, I said to him.
I told …
Test
Variant 2
Задание 1. Проверка теоретических знаний по теме Reported Speech (Косвенная речь).
1. На какое время изменяется время Present Perfect при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
2. На какое время изменяется время Future Simple при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
3. На какой модальный глагол изменяется глагол could при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
4. На какой модальный глагол изменяется глагол may при переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную?
Задание 2. Решите 2 теста (только 1 ответ верный). Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную.
1. We said to them, “We have no money.”
a) we told them that we have no money b) we told them that we had no money
c) we told them we have no money d) we told to them that we had no money
2. He said, “I have changed my opinion.”
a) he said that he had changed his opinion b) he said that he have changed his opinion
c) he said that he would have changed his opinion d) he said that he changed his opinion
Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения в косвенную речь.
1. Charles said, ’’Ann has bought a new car.’’
2. ‘’Read the instructions before you switch on the machine,’’ he said to me.
3. He asked Jane, ‘’Can you play the guitar?’’
4. A stranger asked a passer-by, ‘’Where is a bank?’’
5. Ann: I once spent a summer here in this village.
6. Nick: I’ve been looking everywhere for you, Rita.
7. ‘’Don’t go near the fire’’, she said to Ben.
8. Let me post your letters, Granny.
9. She promised, ’’I’ll speak to the manager about him’’.
10. ‘’Nelly, will you shut the window?’’ the teacher said.
11. ‘’Are you a captain of the school football team?’’ the new pupil asked Cyril.
12. ‘’How long does it usually take to learn to skate?’’ Andy asked the physical education teacher.
13. ‘Eat more fruit and vegetables’, the doctor said.
The doctor said …
14. ‘Shut the door but don’t lock it’, she said to us.
She told …
15. ‘Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand’, he said to me.
He asked …
16. Don’t come before 6 o’clock’, I said to him.
I told …
17. Guide: Now we are looking at a magnificent sample of ancient art.
18. Students: We have translated the article and done all exercises.
19. ‘’Don’t feed the animals,’’ said the zoo worker to visitors.
20. ‘’Let me help you to carry your suitcase, Alla,’’ said Nick.
KEYS
Variant 1
Задание 1.
1. На Past Perfect . 2. Future Simple in the Past .
3. Модальный глагол could might.
Задание 2.
1. a 2. d
Задание 3.
1. I thought he was going to give up his job.
2. The mother told her son to go to his room then and do his homework.
3. The teacher asked Nina if she lived far from the school.
4. The little boy asked his parents what they had bought him for Christmas.
5. Helen told me that she couldn’t call me, she had lost my phone number.
7. Ann told Harry not to take her ruler and use his own.
8. I suggested we go to a movie.
9. Nick told us he had seen Jimmy at a party the week before.
10. The stewardess told passengers to fasten the seat belts.
11. My friend asked me if I had finished reading my book.
12. Mother asked why I was looking pale and what the matter was.
13. Sister told Robbie that she had been looking for him everywhere.
14. David said it was a bit cold that day and he was going to wear a pullover.
15. Mother told Alice not to interrupt the grown-ups.
16. The chairman suggested we begin the meeting.
17. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.
18. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it.
19. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand.
20. I told him not to come before 6 o’clock.
Variant 2
Задание 1.
1. На Past Perfect. 2. Future Simple in the Past.
3. Модальный глагол could не изменяется. 4. На модальный глагол might .
Задание 2.
1. b 2. a
Задание 3.
1. Charles said Ann had bought a new car.
2. He told me to read the instructions before I switch on the machine.
3. He asked Jane if she could play the guitar.
4. A stranger asked a passer-by where a bank was.
5. Ann said that she once had spent a summer there in that village.
6. Nick told Rita he had been looking everywhere for her.
7. She told Ben not to go near the fire.
8. She / he offered to post granny’s letters.
9. She promised she would speak to the manager about him.
10. The teacher asked Nelly to shut the window.
11. The new pupil asked Cyril if he was a captain of the school football team.
12, Andy asked the physical education teacher how long it took to learn to skate.
13. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables.
14. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it.
15. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn’t understand.
16. I told him not to come before 6 o’clock.
17. The guide remarked that they were looking at a magnificent sample of ancient art (then).
18. The students reported they had translated the article and done all exercises.
19. The zoo worker warned visitors not to feed the animals.
20. Nick offered to carry Alla’s suitcase.
Предварительный просмотр:
Тест 1
Выберите правильный вариант.
1. She said that she______keen on drawing.
a) was c) has been
b) is d) were
2.1______her that I______time to play the piano.
a) told, have no c) told, did not have
b) tells, did not have d) told to, had not have
a) went to bed, hadn"t seen
b) had gone to bed, hadn"t seen
c) has gone to bed, hasn"t seen
d) had gone to bed, didn"t see
a) is going c) were going
b) has gone d) was going
5.1 replied that I _____ her when I______back.
a) will phone, got c) will have phoned, will have come
b) would phone, got d) is to phone, get
a) is c) was
b) has been d) were
7. The teacher______a report on the Civil War.
a) told Jane to make c) told Jane make
b) tell to Jane to make d) told to Jane to make
a) ask to me not to c) asked me not to
b) asked to not d) asked not
9.1 said that I______if I______time.
a) will go, have c) would go, have had
b) would go, had d) will go, had
10. Mary answered that she______wake up early in the morning when she was young.
a) did get used to c) gets used to
b) is getting used to d) used
a) to stay c) to have stayed
b) stay d) staying
12. I am surprised to see you. Your mother said you______ ill.
a) were c) has been
b) are d) had been
13. She said that Mary______into her flat because she ______her key.
a) cannot get, lost c) couldn"t get, had lost
b) couldn"t get, has lost d) can"t get, was losing
a) had, tomorrow
b) was having, tomorrow
c) will have, the next day
d) was having, the next day
a) is making c) will make
b) made d) make
Тест 2
Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Ellie exclaimed that she______that car since her father gave it to her and that there had been no complaints.
a) had driven c) drove
b) had been driving d) was driving
2. Vie said that they knew only what was in the papers, that they______for a call or a telegram since they heard of the accident.
a) waited c) had waited
b) were waiting d) had been waiting
3. Norma said that the old car had broken when they______ the bridge.
a) has crossed c) crossed
b) had been crossing d) were crossing
4. She said she couldn"t go in the water because she______ her swimming suit.
a) had not brought c) hasn"t brought
b) didn"t bring d) will not bring
5. She said my shoes were wet through and asked if I __all the way from the station in that rain.
a) has walked c) walking
b) had walked d) was walking
6. The old teacher advised me to speak slowly if 1______ them to understand me.
a) had wanted c) wanted
b) want d) would want
7. It was announced that the international treaty against the new warfare______and had gone into effect.
a) would have been ratified c) had been ratified
b) is ratified d) was ratified
8. The Navy officials said that the dolphins______in salt water holding tanks.
a) will be kept c) are kept
b) would be kept d) will kept
9. Nobody can explain why she decided to touch upon the matter yesterday night. She______that the whole subject was too dangerous to discuss at night.
a) ought to know c) ought known
b) ought to have known d) ought know
10. It has recently been announced that further supplies ______soon be available.
a) will c) were
b) would d) are
11.She wondered if Stephen had found that the room was empty and if he___for her at the moment.
a) looked c) was looked
b) had been looking d) was looking
12. The receptionist told us that from our room we______awonderful view over the sea.
a) will have c) would have
b) were going to have d) were having
13. Miss Marple replied that she______surprised at seeing the doctor depart.
a) is not c) has not been
b) won"t be d) would not be
14. The receptionist explained that breakfast______served between 7.00 and 9.00.
a) is b) is being
с) was d) was being
15. The guide reminded us that after lunch we_________ sightseeing.
a) go c) went
b) were going d) would go
Тест 3
Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Не asked me if Tom______yet.
a) hadn"t left c) leaves
b) left d) hasn"t left
2. He asked me how long I______English.
a) learn c) has been learning
b) am learning d) had been learning
3.1 didn"t know who they______about.
a) speak c) were speaking
b) are speaking d) spoke
4. Do you know whose work they______.
a) discuss c) were discussing
b) are discussing d) discussed
5.1 didn"t know he______a new book.
a) wrote c) writes
b) has written d) had written
6. We didn"t know whose things they______.
a) were c) can be
b) are d) may be
7. All the students knew they______revise for the examinations.
a) will c) may
b) must d) had to
8. He showed me which exercises he______.
a) does c) had done
b) has done d) "11 do.
9. He knows that Peter______in Kiev now.
a) was b) is
с) "11 be d) has been
10. He knew why Peter______to Kiev several times.
a) was c) had been
b) has been d) "11 be
11.1 thought you______do it tomorrow.
a) "d c) can
b) "11 d) must
12. We were sure that you______cope with the task.
a) can c) could
b) will d) are able to
13. The teacher asked what we______.
a) discuss c) are discussing
b) discussed d) were discussing
14. He wanted to know when we______there again.
a) go c) "11 go
b) were going d) are going
15. A man asked how______to the Red Square.
a) get c) getting
b) to get d) "d get
Тест 4
Выберите правильный вариант.
1. She said that her friend"s name______Mary.
a) is c) was
b) has been d) were
2.1 saw what he______.
a) means c) is meaning
b) meant d) has meant
3, She thought it______curious.
a) "11 be c) is
b) was d) has been
4. He said he______hungry.
a) was c) "11 be
b) is d) has been
5.1 heard she______good English.
a)speaks c)speak
b) is speaking d) spoke
6. John confessed he .________l ike football.
a) doesn"t c) will not
b) didn"t d) do not
7. He asked me how many lessons I______last week.
a) had c) had had
b) was having d) have
8. He wondered what Dick______at that moment.
a) did c) is doing
b) does d) was doing
9. He told me Jack ______back in a few minutes.
a) would be c) is
b) was d) will be
10. He promised he______there in half an hour.
a) is c) will be
b) would be d) was
11. She complained that no one______ever______to her.
a) -, speaks c) had spoken
b) - ,spoke d) has spoken
12. The manager explained that the exhibition______last week.
a) finished c) is finished
b) finishes d) had finished
13. He explained he______there two years before.
a) had moved c) moves
b) moved d) was moving
14. The boy exclaimed that their team______the match at last.
a) had won с) won
b) win d) has won
15. He remarked he______already______the film.
a) -, saw c) had seen
b) -, sees d) has seen
Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времен
Ключи к тестам
Тест l l. a) 2. c) 3. b) 4. d) 5. b) 6. a) 7. a) 8. c) 9. b) 10. d) 11. a) 12. a) 13. c) 14. d) 15. b) | Тест 2 l. b) 2. d) 3. b) 4. a) 5. b) 6. c) 7. c) 8. b) 9. b) 10. a) 11. d) 12. c) 13. d) 14. c) 15. b) | Тест 3 l. a) 2.d) 3. с) 4. b) 5.d) 6. a) 7.d) 8.c) 9.b) 10. c) 11. a) 12. c) 13. d) 14. b) 15. b) | Тест 4 1. с) 2. b) З. b) 4. а) 5. d) 6. b) 7. с) 8. d) 9. а) 10. b) 11. с) 12. d) 13. а) 14. а) 15. с) |
Предварительный просмотр:
TEST (Variant I)
1 . Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech.
1. I said, “He will not get there on time”.
a) I said that he wouldn’t get there on time.
b) I said that he will not get there on time.
2. He asks, “Didn’t he go shopping yesterday?”
a) He asks if he didn’t go shopping yesterday.
b) He asks if he doesn’t go shopping yesterday.
3. Betty asked, “Who wrote this book?”
a) Betty asked who did write this book.
b) Betty asked who had written this book.
4. Robin asked, “Have you passed your exam?”
a) Robin asked if I had passed my exam.
b) Robin asked if I passed my exam.
a) Mary told her brother not to watch TV, because it was late.
b) Mary told her brother don’t watch TV, because it is late.
1. Nick said that he had been very successful learning to drive.
a) Nick: “I have been very successful learning to drive.”
b) Nick: “I was very successful learning to drive.”
2. He said that I could come and stay at his flat if I was ever in London.
a) He said: “I could come and stay at his flat if I was ever in London.”
b) He said: “You can come and stay at his flat if you are ever in London.”
3. Fred said he worked for a small publishing company.
a) Fred: “I worked for a small publishing company.”
b) Fred: “I work for a small publishing company.”
4. Kelly told that she didn’t look after herself properly.
a) Kelly: “I don’t look after myself properly.”
b) Kelly: “I didn’t look after myself properly.”
5. Charles asked the receptionist when he could see the doctor.
a) Charles: “When can I see the doctor?”
b) Charles: “When I could see the doctor?”
3. Choose the right answer.
1. She asked me if I … my dinner.
2. Our children said they … school.
3. She said that she … twenty years old the following Friday.
4. Liz says she … the film.
5. Mr. Green told the children … so much noise.
TEST (Variant II)
1. Choose the right variant of the Reported Speech.
1. “We can’t remember where we put our passports,” said Richard.
a) Richard said they couldn’t remember where they had put their passports.
b) Richard said they couldn’t remember where they put their passports.
2. “You don’t keep your flat warm enough,” said Jack.
a) Jack said I didn’t keep my flat warm enough.
b) Jack said you didn’t keep your flat warm enough.
3. “He doesn’t get on with his stepma,” said Sam.
a) Sam said that he doesn’t get on with his stepma.
b) Sam said that he didn’t get on with his stepma.
4. “Who is going to give a talk?” asked Fred.
a) Fred asked who is going to give a talk.
b) Fred asked who was going to give a talk.
5. “When can I see Mr Marcony?” Charles asked the secretary.
a) Charles asked the secretary when could he see Mr Marcony.
b) Charles asked the secretary when he could see Mr Marcony.
2. Choose the right variant of the Direct Speech.
1. I asked the boy not to make such a fuss.
a) I said to the boy, “Don’t make such a fuss.”
b) I asked the boy, “Not make such a fuss.”
2. The teacher ordered the pupils to open the books.
a) The teacher to the pupils: “To open the books!”
b) The teacher to the pupils: “Open the books!”
3. Jacky asked Pat if she would spend her holidays in Russia.
a) Jacky said to Pat, “Will you spend your holidays in Russia?”
b) Jacky said to Pat, “If you spend your holidays in Russia?”
4. He asks if I am an actress.
a) He says, “Are you an actress?”
b) He says, “Do you an actress?”
5. The teacher asked the boys not to talk very loud.
a) The teacher to the boys, “Doesn’t talk very loud.”
b) The teacher to the boys, “Don’t talk very loud.”
3. Choose the right answer.
1. She said that she … twenty years old the following Friday.
a) will be b) would be c) was
2. Liz says she … the film.
a) already saw b) had already seen c) has already seen
3. Mr. Green told the children … so much noise.
a) don’t make b) not to make c) not make
4. Our children said they … school.
a) don’t like b) didn’t like c) won’t like
5. She asked me if I … my dinner.
a) enjoyed b) enjoy c) have enjoyed
Предварительный просмотр:
Вариант I
Упражнение 1.
E.g. The teacher said to me: “Hand this note to your parents, please””. – The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents.
1. “Please help me with this work, Henry,” said Robert.
2. He said to us: “Come here tomorrow.”
3. I said to Mike: “Send me a telegram as soon as you arrive.”
4. Father said to me: “Don’t stay here long.”
5. “Don’t be afraid of my dog,” said the man to Kate.
Упражнение 2.
E.g.: He said “I have just received a letter from my uncle.” – He said he had just received a letter from his uncle
.
1. “I am going to the theatre tonight,” he said to me.
2. I said to them: “I can give you my uncle’s address.”
3. “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman.
4. She said: “You will read this book in the 9th form.”
5. “You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me.
Упражнение 3.
E.g.: Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. – Tom said: “I shall go and see the doctor tomorrow”
2. He told me he had fallen ill.
2. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.
3. She told me she had caught cold.
4. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side.
5. He said he would not come to school until Monday.
Упражнение 4.
E.g.: Mother said to me: “Who has brought this parcel?” – Mother asked me who had brought that parcel.
1. He said to her: “Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?”
2. Ann said to Mike: “When did you leave London?”
3. Boris said to them: “How can I get to the railway station?”
4. Mary asked Tom: “What time will you come here tomorrow?”
5. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
Упражнение 5.
E.g.: Where did I put the book? (I forgot …) – I forgot where I had put the book.
1. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know …)
2. Where can I buy an English-Russian dictionary? (He asked me …)
3. How long will it take your brother to get to Madrid? (He wondered …)
4. Where has he gone? (Did you know …)
5. Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know …)
Упражнение 6.
E.g. : I said to Mike: “Have you packed your suitcase?” – I asked Mike if he had packed his suitcase.
1. I said to Kate: “Did anybody meet you at the station?” 2. I said to her: “Can you give me their address?” 3. I asked Tom: “Have you had breakfast?” 4. I asked my sister: “Will you stay at home or go for a walk after dinner?” 5. She said to the young man: “Can you call a taxi for me?”
Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
E.g.: I asked him if he was going to a health resort. – I said to him: “Are you going to a health resort?”.
1. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. I asked him if he was feeling better now.
2. I asked the man how long he had been to St. Petersburg.
3. We asked the girl if her father was still in Moscow.
4. I asked the girl what sort of work her father did.
5. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital.
Упражнения по теме «Прямая и косвенная речь»
Вариант II
Упражнение 1.
Передайте следующие повелительные предложения в косвенной речи.
2. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
3. “Please don’t mention it to anybody,” Mary said to her friend.
7. “Explain to me how to solve this problem,” said my friend to me.
8. The doctor said to Nick: “Open your mouth and show me your tongue.”
10. The doctor said to Pete: “Don’t go for a walk today.”
Упражнение 2.
Передайте следующие повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи.
4. Misha said: “I saw them at my parents’ house last year.”
5. “I don’t go to this shop very often,” she said.
7. The teacher said to the class: “We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
8. Mike said: “We have bought these books today.”
3. Oleg said: “My room is on the second floor.”
Упражнение 3.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
1. He told me he was ill.
4. I told my sister that she might catch cold.
6. She said she was feeling bad that day.
10. The man said he had spent a month at a health resort.
Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи.
3. She said to Boris: “When will you be back home?”
7. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
8. I said to him: “How long are you going to stay here?”
9. Pete said to his friends: “When are you leaving St. Petersburg?”
10. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”
Упражнение 5.
Передайте следующие специальные вопросы в косвенной речи, начиная каждое предложение со слов, данных в скобках.
4. Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody …)
6. Where is he? (Did you know …)
7. When will he come back? (She asked them …).
8. Where does he live? (Nobody knew …)
9. Who has given you this nice kitten? (She wanted to know…)
Упражнение 6.
Передайте следующие общие вопросы в косвенной речи.
6. Mary said to Peter: “Have you shown your photo to Dick?” 7. He said to us: “Did you go to the museum this morning?” 8. I said to Boris: “Does your friend live in London?” 9. I said to the man: “Are you living in a hotel?” 10. He said to me: “Do you often go to see your friends?”
Упражнение 7.
Восстановите прямую речь в следующих предложениях.
6. I asked my friend if he had a headache.
7. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill.
8. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
9. I asked him if he was going to a health resort.
10. I wondered if he had taken his temperature.
{ "proleed_data_link" : "https://www.proleed.ru/loadads.jsp?partner=naweb808a5&adscount=3&mainfilter=ENGLISH&secfilter=", "proleed_block_type" : "horizontal", "proleed_title_size" : 16, "proleed_title_color" : "#0000cb", "proleed_message_size" : 14, "proleed_message_color": "#000000", "proleed_partner_size" : 14, "proleed_partner_color": "#006500" }
Упражнение 1.
1. “Have you got a Russian-English dictionary?” he asked me. “Can you let me have it for this evening? I must do some very difficult translation.” “All right,” I said. “I won’t need it tonight.”
2. “I thought about you last night, Lydia,” said Nellie. “Have you decided to go to Omsk with your parents or will you remain here with your aunt until you finish school?”
3. “Have you done your homework or did you leave it till the evening, Bob?” asked Mike. “ I thought of inviting you to go to the theatre with me, but I remembered that you nearly always do your homework in the evening.”
4. “I am fond of Dickens,” said Jack. “ I have been reading ‘The Old Curiosity Shop’ the whole week. I like the novel very much. I am reading it for the second time.”
5. “I think my friend has finished reading ‘Jane Eyre’ ,” said Tanya. “I hope she will give it to me soon: I am eager to read it.”
1. He asked me if I had a Russian-English dictionary. He wondered if I could let him have it for that evening. He added that he must (had to) do some very difficult translation. I agreed and added that I should not need the dictionary that night.
2. Nellie told Lydia that she had thought about her the night before. She wanted to know if Lydia had decided to go to Omsk with her parents or whether she would remain there with her aunt until she finished school.
3. Mike asked Bob if he had done his homework or left it till the evening. He added that he had thought of inviting Bob to go to the theatre with him but had remembered that he nearly always did his homework in the evening.
4. Jack said that he was fond of Dickens. He said that he had been reading “The Old Curiosity Shop” the whole week. He added that he liked the novel very much and that he was reading it for the second time.
5. Tanya said that she thought her friend had finished reading “Jane Eyre” . She added that she hoped her friend would give it to her soon and explained that she was eager to read it.
Упражнение 2.
Восстановите прямую речь в предложениях.
1. Mary wondered if Jane would be busy the next day. - Will you be busy tomorrow?
2. John asked Mary if she was afraid of thunderstorm.
3. He asked her if she had ever walked in rainy weather.
5. The woman asked her son if he was in a hurry.
6. Ann asked if they would go to the country the next day.
7. Kate asked her friend what she liked to do on her days off.
8. I asked the secretary if I might speak to the headmistress.
9. Nick wanted to know if Helen would give him her book.
10. Tom asked if Jane would come to the Philharmonic with him. Jane asked at what time he was planning to go. Tom said that it would take them long to get there. Jane asked where they would meet.
2. Are you afraid of thunderstorm?
3. Have you ever walked in rainy weather?
4. I prefer sunny days.
5. Are you in a hurry?
6. Will you go to the country tomorrow?
7. What do you like to do on your days off?
9. Will you give me your book?
10. Will you come to the Philharmonic with me? - At what time are you planning to go? - It will take us long to get there. - Where shall we meet?
Упражнение 3.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. «Do you know where the Browns live?» we asked a passerby.
2. «There are a lot of trains to my station on Sunday,» said Andrew to us. «You will have no problems getting to my country place.»
3. «Do you often meet my sister at the library?» he asked me.
4. «Will the teacher return our exercise books today?» asked Nick.
5. «My nephew is a very capable young man,» said the woman. «He has just graduated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist.»
6. «Sit still and don’t move your head,» said the doctor to me.
7. «I want to know how your cousin likes working at this hospital,» said Vera to Helen.
8. «Don’t forget to bring your exercise books tomorrow,» said the teacher to us. «You are going to write a very important paper.»
9. «How can I get to the circus?» asked the girl. «Take tram number five,» said the man.
10. «I am very sorry, Kate,» said Mike, «I have forgotten to bring your dictionary.»
11. «When does your mother go shopping?» asked the neighbour.
1. We asked a passerby whether he knew where the Browns lived.
2. Andrew told us that there were a lot of trains to his station on Sunday and added that we should have no problems getting to his country place.
3. He asked me if I often met his sister at the library.
4. Nick wanted to know if the teacher would return their exercise books that day.
5. The woman said that her nephew was a very capable young man. She added that he had just graduated from college, but he was already a very skilful specialist.
6. The doctor told me to sit still and not to move my head.
7. Vera told Helen that she wanted to know how her cousin liked working at that hospital.
8. The teacher told us not to forget to bring our exercise books the next day and explained that we were going to write a very important paper.
9. The girl wanted to know how she could get to the curcus. The man told her to take tram number five.
10. Mike told Kate that he was very sorry and added that he had forgotten to bring her dictionary.
11. The neighbour wondered when my mother went shopping.
Упражнение 4.
Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.
1. Не said to me: «Come at nine o’clock, I shall be free at that time and we shall have a nice cup of coffee.»
2. Nina asked her friend: «What did the professor speak about in his lecture?»
3. Ann said: «He is one of the best speakers I have ever heard.»
4. He said: «I haven’t yet seen the film you are talking about.»
5. He said: «I seldom went to see my friend in May as I was very busy.»
6. She asked her brother: «Will you manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday?»
7. My friend said: «We arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day we went to have a look around the city.»
8. She said to me: «Did you live in St. Petersburg ten years ago?»
9. She said to me: «Are you going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer?»
10. My friend said to me: «The discussion will still be going on when you return.»
11. He said: «I am proud of my brother who took the first prize at the competition.»
12. She asked me: «How long have you been living in St. Petersburg?»
13. She said: «He has just left.»
14. He asked me: «When will your parents arrive in St. Petersburg?»
15. She said to me: «Were you present at the meeting yesterday?»
Ответы:
1. He told me to come at nine o’clock and added that he would be free at that time and we should have a nice cup of coffee.
2. Nina asked her friend what the professor had spoken about in his lecture.
3. He said that the man was one of the best speakers he had ever heard.
4. He said that he had not yet seen the film I was talking about.
5. He said that he had seldom gone to see his friend in May as he had been very busy.
6. She asked her brother whether he would manage to get tickets to the Philharmonic on Sunday.
7. My friend said that they had arrived in Kiev on Saturday and the next day they had gone to have a look around the city.
8. She asked if I had lived in St. Petersburg ten years before.
9. She asked me if I was going to leave St. Petersburg for the summer.
10. My friend told me that the discussion would still be going on when I returned.
11. He said that he was proud of his brother who had taken the first prize at the competition.
12. She wanted to know how long I had been living in St. Petersburg.
13. She said that he had just left.
14. He was interested to know when my parents would arrive in St. Petersburg.
15. She wanted to know if I had been present at the meeting the day before.
Упражнение 5.
Переделайте предложения из прямой в косвенную речь.
1.
Tom. What would you do if you were in my shoes?
Tim. I would polish them.
2.
Teacher. What’s wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go to the library yesterday as she had had a birthday”?
Student. If the sentence which had “had had”
3.
A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly. “What would happen,” she asked, “if we struck a large iceberg?” “The iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened,” replied the captain. The old lady was very much relieved.
4.
Wife. Darling, where would you go for a holiday if you could afford it?
Husband. I would go somewhere I’ve never been to.
Wife. Well, how about the kitchen?
5.
Roger. Why do you think your marriage has lasted so well?
Jeff. My wife and I always have dinner out on Saturdays.
Roger. How very romantic! I wish Laura and I had done so too, maybe we wouldn’t have parted. Where do you go?
Jeff. Well, I go for a Chinese. I haven’t the foggiest idea where she goes.
Roger. Well, well, sometimes two is a crowd, too.
Ответы:
had had “had”, it would have been correct.
1. Tom asked Tim what he would do if he were in his shoes. Tim answered that he would polish them.
2. The teacher asked the student what was wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go…”. The student explained that if the sentence which had “had had” had had “had”, it would have been correct.
3. A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly and asked him what would happen if they struck a large iceberg. The captain replied that the iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened. The old lady was very much relieved.
4. A wife asked her husband where he would go for a holiday if he could afford it. The husband answered that he would go somewhere he had never been to. The wife offered him to go to the kitchen.
5. Roger asked Jeff why he thought his marriage had lasted so well. Jeff explained that he and his wife always had dinner out on Saturdays. Roger considered it to be very romantic. He said he wished Laura and he had done so too, then they wouldn’t have parted. And he wondered where they usually went. Jeff replied that he personally went for a Chinese. And he added that he had no idea (didn’t have the foggiest idea) where she went. To this Roger remarked that sometimes two is a crowd, too.
Обойтись без косвенной речи никак невозможно, так же как невозможно изучать английский, не пересказывая тексты. Делайте это как можно чаще, не забывая о согласовании времен, и вы улучшите разговорные навыки автоматически. В заключение, предлагаем выполнить упражнения на косвенную речь в английском языке на уровне advanced для продолжающих. Некоторые упражнения взяты из учебника: Макарова Е.В., Пархамович Т.В., Ухванова И.Ф. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс
Косвенная речь в английском языке. Упражнения Reported Speech Advanced
Перевод предложений в косвенную речь (повторение)
Упражнение 1. Переведите повествовательные предложения в косвенную речь.
- I The secretary has said, «The press conference is taking place now in the main hall».
- My brother has said, «Aunt Sally will come on Monday.»
- The students have said, «We had two tests last week.»
- Her daughter said, «I am not listening to music now.»
- My friend said, «I have visited all these places,»
- Tom said, «‘I am a first year student now.»
- She said, «I have not been speaking to him since yesterday.»
- Susan said, «I was in the library two days ago.»
- The boy said, «I was not watching TV in my home at 8 o’clock.»
- The teacher said, «They have been writing since early morning».
- He said, «I will visit you next Friday.»
- She said, «I will be leaving my home at 10 o’clock tonight»
Упражнение 2 . Переведите общие вопросы в косвенную речь.
- John asked, «Has anybody seen the film?»
- He asked, «Are you listening to music now?»
- She asked, «Have you been working hard on this problem?»
- She asked, «Were you in the library yesterday?»
- He asks, «Does she work now?»
- He asks, «Has she been reading this book since Monday?»
- Jane asked, «Can anybody tell me what you have been discussing all the time?»
- He asked, «Will you be at Nick and Carol’s party tonight?»
Упражнение 3 . Переведите специальные вопросы в косвенную речь.
- Where is he going? (He didn’t tell anybody..)
- Where has he gone? (Did you know…)
- Where is he? (Did you know…)
- When is he leaving school? (I wanted to know…)
- Where does he live? (Nobody knew…)
- When will he come back? (She asked them…)
- Where did she buy this hat? (He wanted to know…)
- How much did she pay for it? (I had no idea…)
Упражнение 4. Переведите повелительные предложения в косвенную речь.
- The army captain said, «Don’t shoot!»
- The police officer said, «Put your hands over your head!»
- The flight attendant said, «Fasten your seat belts!»
- The teacher said, «Don’t use your dictionaries!»
- The doctor said, «Take this medicine three times a day.»
- The firefighter said, «Don’t go near the house, it is dangerous!»
Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки в предложении.
- The instructor asked me if I can swim and I said I can.
- He said me that he had been waiting for me here.
- She asked me where I had lived two years ago.
- Mr. Grey told that he missed his hometown.
- The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left.
- The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time.
- He wanted to know why Bob is missing a class today.
- He asked me if Ted had been sick yesterday.
Упражнение 6. Прочитайте диалог.
A.: Excuse me? В.: Yes…
A.: This chicken is underdone.
В.: What do you mean?
A.: It’s not cooked.
В.: Yes, it is.
A.: No, it isn’t.
В.: Look, that’s how we always serve it.
A.: Well, I don’t want it. And I won’t pay.
В.: You’ll pay whether you eat it or not.
A.: In that case, I want to see the manager.
В.: I’m the manager.
Используя косвенную речь, расскажите о ситуации. Например, начните так:
«I ordered the chicken. It wasn’t properly cooked. I told the waiter…»
Упражнение 7. Прочитайте текст и перепишите его, используя прямую речь.
The waiter recommended the fish. When it arrived, it was inedible. I summoned the waiter and complained that the fish was uncooked. He appologized and offered to replace it. I told him that I wasn’t hungry, and requested the bill… .
Упражнения на Reported Speech (advanced)
Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения ниже в косвенную речь, используя глаголы:ask, beg, congratulate, thank, insist, offer, object, refuse, invite, suggest, complain, remark .
1.“Please, please, do as I say”, I said.
2. Peter, “I will pay.”
Alec, “Oh, no you mustn’t”.
Peter, “I insist on paying”
3.“Hurray, I’ve passed my exam!”
“Congratulations”, — I said.
4.“Many happy returns of the day”, we said.
“Thank you,” said the boy.
5.“Let us wait here till the rain stops,” I said.
6.“Oh, I’ve hit my thumb with the hammer!” Peter cried.
7.“Have an apple,” Mary said. – “No, thanks,” I replied.
8.“What about going for a walk?” he said. – “It’s quite fine now.”
Упражнение 9. Переделайте предложения с прямой речью в предложения с косвенной речью, используя глаголы: advise, remind, warn, invite, ask, encourage.
- R u t h: Don’t forget to post the letter, Bruno.
- R i с h a r d: Carolina, I think you should see a doctor.
- К a t h y: Olivia, please do the dishes.
- R u t h: Patrice, would you and Manny like to come to dinner?
- M a r i a: Roger, close the door, please.
- M о t h e r: Ben, don’t touch the heater.
- M i k e: Vicki, why don’t you run in the marathon?
- Be careful! Don’t sit down, that paint is wet.
Упражнение 10. Прочитайте совет врача и переведите его на английский язык .
Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).
Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями.
Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.
Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ.
Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit). Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.
Упражнение 11. Передайте в косвенной речи цитаты известных людей. Запомните три из них .
1. “I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde)
Oscar Wilde said that…2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important”(Conan Doyle)
Conan Doyle said that …3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson)
Robert Stevenson wrote that…4. “Always do what you are afraid to do” (Ralf Emerson, American poet and essayist)
Ralf Emerson wanted us….5. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli)
Benjamin Disraeli asked us….6.“If a man doesn’t make new friends as he advanced through life – he will soon find himself alone. A man should keep his friendship in constant repair.” (Samuel Johnson, English writer)
Samuel Johnson warned us that…7. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful. ”(Thomas Moore, Irish poet)
Thomas Moore said if…8. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin)
Benjamin Franklin advised us…9. “Every man has three characters: that which he exhibits, that which he has and that which he thinks he has. ” (Karr)
Karr thought that…Упражнение 12. Перепишите шутку в прямой речи.
- be annoyed – быть раздраженным
- patient – терпеливый
- calm – спокойный
- sensible – разумный
- swear – ругаться
- wave – махать
- small things – пустяки
One day, when Jack the Patient came home from work he found his wife very annoyed about something.
- He asked what the matter was.
- And she answered that she had been annoyed by a bee.
- Jack the Patient continued that he had always been more sensible than his wife so he was going to give her a lecture at the moment.
- He added that he would prove to her the importance of always remaining calm.
- He said it was a waste of time and strength to get excited about small things.
- He told her to train herself to be patient like him.
- He asked her to look at the fly that had just landed on his nose.
- He asked if he was getting excited or annoyed, if he was swearing or waving his arms around.
- He explained that he wasn’t, he was perfectly calm. Just as he had said that Jack the Patient started shouting. He jumped up and began to wave his arms around wildly and swear terribly.
- His wife got surprised and asked what had made him so excited. He couldn’t say a word for some time. But at last he was able to tell his wife that the thing on his nose hadn’t been a fly, it had been a bee!
Упражнение 13. Перепишите шутки в косвенной речи, не забывая про подчеркнутые слова.
— Mummy, why is it cold today ?
— It is winter now. It’s always cold in winter.
— But why is it always cold in winter?
— Oh, Susan, I didn’t ask my mother so many questions.
— Now I understand why you can’t answer my questions!
Susan asked her mother …. Her mother answered …. Susan repeated the question …. Susan’s mother got angry and exclaimed that…. Susan came to the conclusion that….
— Daddy, can you write in the dark?
— Of course, I can.
— Then turn off the light and sign my report card (дневник), please.
Susan wondered …. Her father answered …. Then she asked him to ….
The client: It’s the most terrible fish I’ve ever eaten. Bring me the fish I ate in this restaurant last week .
The waiter: Sorry, sir, but it’s the same fish.
Вill: I broke off my engagement to Mary two months ago .
Tom: But why? Have you told her about your rich uncle?
Bill: Yes, I have. She’s my aunt now .
Teасher: Why are you late this morning , Jack?»
Jack: I pressed the toothpaste so hard that it took me half an hour to get the paste back into the tube.
Вill: I saw the doctor last Monday about my loss of memory.
Tom: What did he do?
Bill: He made me pay in advance.
Kate: What did you hear at the opera yesterday ?
Jane: All sorts of things: Oleg is going to London next month, Boris passed his exam last week, Ann took the first place in the literature Olympiad two days ago .
The tourist: Are you sure there are no crocodiles here ?
The guide: Yes, I am. We haven’t found any crocodiles here .
The tourist: I think I can have a swim in this river tomorrow . And what makes you think there are no crocodiles in this place?
The guide: They are afraid of the sharks.
Mrs Worry: Does your son smoke?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t.
Mrs Worry: Does he go out late?
Mrs Calm: No, he doesn’t. He went to bed after dinner yesterday .
Mrs Worry: What is he doing now ?
Mrs Calm: He is watching cartoons.
MrsWorry: Oh, he is an ideal son. How old is he?
Mrs Calm: Three years today .
Mr Green: Last month a grain of sand got into my wife’s eye and she had to go to a doctor. I had to pay two hundred dollars for it.
Mr White: That’s nothing, last week a fur coat got into my wife’s eye and I had to pay two thousand dollars for it.
В заключение, устный тренинг по теме «Косвенная речь в английском языке. Reported Speech (advanced)».
Упражненеие 14. Переведите предложения, запомните свой ответ и проверьте себя.
- Он говорит, что Мэри сделает это.
- Он только что сказал мне, что урок начался.
- Он сказал мне, что урок начался.
- Он попросил ее дать ему стакан воды.
- Она сказала ему прийти в 5 часов.
- Не says (that) Mary will do it.
- He has just told me that the lesson has begun.
- He told me that the lesson had begun.
- My brother has just said that he will come at 5 o’clock
- Не said that he got up at 8 o’clock.
- He said that the delegation would leave at the end of the week.
- Не said that he would write the letter that day.
- Не asked me where I lived.
- Не asked me when they would send the documents.
- Не asked me if (whether) I had received his telegram.
- He asked her to give him a glass of water.
- She told him to come at 5 o’clock.
Очень часто в речи нам нужно передать чьи-либо слова (кто-то что-то сказал), и зачастую мы это делаем своими собственными словами, избегая прямой речи. Как мы это делаем? Очень просто, мы превращаем её в придаточное предложение.
John said, «I want to get a new job». – Джон сказал: «Я хочу получить новую работу».
John said (that) he wanted to get a new job. – Джон сказал, что он хочет получить новую работу.
О том, как это сделать корректно мы и будем говорить далее.
В английском языке есть ряд особенностей, которые следует учитывать при изменении прямой речи в косвенную.
Для того чтобы перевести прямую речь в косвенную, нужно опустить запятую после слов, вводящих прямую речь, и кавычки. Часто косвенная речь в английском языке вводится союзом that , который, впрочем, может быть опущен (именно поэтому мы поставили слово that в скобки в примере выше).
Вы должны были обратить внимание, что у нас изменилась временная категория (I want на I wanted ), подобное явление в английском языке называется согласование времён (это зависимость времени глагола в придаточном предложении от времени глагола в главном).
В таблице ниже Вы сможете увидеть все случаи подобных трансформаций.
Если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем или будущем времени, то сказуемое придаточного будет стоять в том самом времени, которое было в прямой речи.
Немного сложнее ситуация, если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, здесь как раз и вступает в силу те самые правила согласования времён.
| Прямая речь (Direct Speech) | Косвенная речь (Indirect Speech) |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| He said, «I go to bed» – Он говорит: «Я иду спать». | He said (that) he went to bed. – Он сказал, что идёт спать. |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Mark said, «I am doing my homework». – Марк говорит: «Я делаю мою домашнюю работу». | Mark said (that) he was doing his homework. – Марк сказал, что делает свою домашнюю работу. |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| She said, «I made a cake». – Она сказала: «Я приготовила торт». | She said (that) she had made a cake. – Она сказала, что приготовила торт. |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Alex said, «I have been to London». – Алекс сказал: «Я был в Лондоне». | Alex said (that) he had been to London. – Алекс сказал, что он был в Лондоне. |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| They said, «We were playing football». – Они сказали: «Мы играли в футбол». | They said (that) they had been playing football. – Они сказали, что играли в футбол. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| She said, «I have been watching this film for 2 hours». – Она сказала: «Я смотрела этот фильм на протяжении двух часов». | She said (that) she had been watching that film for 2 hours. – Она сказала, что смотрела тот фильм на протяжении двух часов. |
| Future Simple | Future Simple in the Past |
| He said, «I will buy a car». – Он сказал: «Я куплю машину». | He said (that) he would buy a car. – Он сказал, что купит машину. |
| Past Perfect | НЕ ИЗМЕНЯЕТСЯ |
| James said, «I had built my house». – Джеймс сказал: «Я построил дом». | James said (that) he had built his house. – Джеймс сказал, что построил дом. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | НЕ ИЗМЕНЯЕТСЯ |
| She said, «I had been reading for 3 hours». – Она сказала: «Я читала на протяжении трёх часов». | She said (that) she had been reading for 3 hours. – Она сказала, что читала на протяжении трёх часов. |
Важно также помнить, что кроме самих глаголов при согласовании времен нам нужно учитывать и изменение наречий и местоимений .
Личные и притяжательные местоимения
Olga said, «I
will give you
back your
book». – Ольга сказала: «Я отдам тебе твою книгу».
Olga said (that) she
would give me
back my
book. – Ольга сказала, что она отдаст мне мою книгу.
Вы не можете сказать:
you back your book. – Ольга сказала мне, что она отдаст тебе твою книгу.
а, как и в русском, Вы скажете:
Olga said that she would give me back my book. – Ольга отдаст мне мою книгу.
Указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места
| Прямая речь | Косвенная речь |
|---|---|
| this (этот) | that (тот, этот) |
| these (эти) | those (те, эти) |
| now (теперь) | then (тогда) |
| here (здесь) | there (там) |
| today (сегодня) | that day (в тот день) |
| tomorrow (завтра) | the next day (на следующий день) |
| the day after tomorrow (послезавтра) | two days later (через два дня) |
| yesterday (вчера) | the day before (накануне) |
| the day before yesterday (позавчера) | two days before (двумя днями раньше) |
| ago (тому назад) | before (раньше) |
| next year (в будущем году) | the next year, the following year (в следующем году) |
| last night (вчера вечером, ночью) | the previous night (предыдущим вечером, ночью) |
То есть при переводе в косвенную речь нашей фразы:
Richard said, «I went to my parents yesterday ». – Ричард сказал: «Вчера я ездил к моим родителям».
Мы получим:
Richard said (that) he had gone to his parents the day before . – Ричард сказал, что вчера ездил к своим родителям.
Ещё пример:
She said, «I saw this
film last night
». – Она сказала: «Я видела этот фильм прошлой ночью».
She said (that) she had seen that
film the previous night
. – Она сказала, что видела тот фильм предыдущей ночью.
Модальные глаголы
Вам также пригодится информация о том, как ведут себя модальные глаголы при переходе из прямой в косвенную речь.
Mike said, «I can
cook this dish». – Майк сказал: «Я могу приготовить это блюдо».
Mike said (that) he could
cook that dish. – Майк сказал, что он может приготовить то блюдо.
She said, «I could
go to school». – Она сказала: «Я могла пойти в школу».
She said (that) she could
go to school. – Она сказала, что могла пойти в школу.
Условные предложения
Иногда нам также нужно переделать условные предложения в косвенную речь.
I тип условного предложения меняется по правилам согласования времён.
If the weather is
fine, I will
go outside. – Если погода будет хорошая, я пойду на улицу.
He said if the weather was
fine, he would
go outside. – Он сказал, что если погода будет хорошей, то он пойдёт на улицу.
Условные предложения II и III типа не меняют свою форму.
II тип:
If the weather were
fine, I would
go outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая, я бы пошёл на улицу.
I said if the weather were
fine, I would
go outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая, то я бы пошла на улицу.
III тип:
If the weather had been
fine yesterday, I would have gone
outside. – Если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.
I said if the weather had been
fine, I would have gone
outside. – Я сказал, что если бы погода была хорошая вчера, то я бы вышел на улицу.
Вопрос в прямой речи
Теперь такой момент, допустим у Вас есть вопрос в прямой речи , который нужно перенести в косвенную речь.
В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, где в большинстве случаев существует обратный порядок слов (кроме вопросов к подлежащему) – перед подлежащим стоит сказуемое или его часть,
вопросы в косвенной речи имеют структуру повествовательного предложения, т.е. прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, за ним сказуемое)
Знак вопроса в конце такого предложения отсутствует, вспомогательный глагол to do в Present и Past Indefinite не употребляется.
She asked me, «When did you see me?» – Она меня спросила: «Когда ты меня видела?»
She asked me when I had seen her
. – Она меня спросила, когда я её видела.
He asked me, «Who showed you my notes?» – Он меня спросил: «Кто показал тебе мои записи?»
He asked me who had shown
me his notes. – Он меня спросил о том, кто показал мне его записи.
Тут мы видим вопрос к подлежащему, и здесь вообще нет вспомогательного глагола.
Общие вопросы заменяются придаточным предложением, которое присоединяется к главному при помощи союзов if и whether , имеющих значение частицы ли. Запятая не ставится.
She asked me, «Do you know my husband?» – Она меня спросила: «Ты знаешь моего мужа?»
She asked if (whether)
I knew her husband. – Она меня спросила, знаю ли я её мужа.
Повелительное наклонение
И последний случай, с которым Вы можете столкнуться в этой теме – это преобразование повелительного наклонения . В косвенной речи повелительное наклонение заменяется инфинитивом.
He said to me, «Open the window». – Он мне сказал: «Открой окно».
He asked me to
open the window. – Он попросил открыть окно.
Если прямая речь выражает приказ , тогда мы заменяем глагол to say (сказать) на to tell (велеть, сказать) или to order (приказывать) . Если прямая речь выражает просьбу, тогда глагол to say мы заменяем на to ask (просить)
She said to me
, «Give me a pen». – Она сказала: «Дай мне ручку».
She told me
to give her a pen. – Она мне сказала дать ей ручку.
Что касается отрицательной формы, в косвенной речи в повелительном наклонении отрицание заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not .
James said to her, «Don"t go». – Джеймс ей сказал: «Не уходи».
James asked her not to go
. – Джеймс попросил её не уходить.
